Translational Terrains: The Interdisciplinarity of Spatial Narratives

Aygen Erol Çakır, Mehmet Ali Gasseloğlu

https://doi.org/10.60152/4ceq9dre

Abstract: This paper examines how architectural knowledge is produced beyond built form by tracing its circulation across drawings, texts, exhibitions, archives, and moving-image practices. While interdisciplinarity is often framed as seamless collaboration, this study argues that the intermedial movement of ideas operates more precisely as translation, a process marked by rupture, displacement, and reinvention. Existing scholarship highlights the generative role of representation, yet a gap remains in mapping where and how translational operations reorganize architectural meaning, particularly in the unbuilt domain where work is frequently dismissed as preparatory or secondary. The objective is twofold. The term “translation” is employed here in both a conceptual and a methodological sense: conceptually, it denotes the shifting of meaning across disciplines; methodologically, it describes the analytical movement through which architectural ideas are traced across media. First, to theorize interdisciplinarity as a translational practice that alters both what is carried across and the frameworks that receive it; second, to propose a cartography, termed Geographies of Translation, that locates this practice in three terrains. Core Terrains track intra-disciplinary experiments where architecture re-articulates itself across. Threshold Terrains mark the discipline’s edge, where external perspectives reshape representational logics. Distant Terrains designate practices outside architecture that nevertheless produce architectural knowledge through estrangement. Methodologically, the study combines close reading of artifacts, media-archaeological attention to representation, and critical synthesis of architectural theory and cultural studies. The analysis yields three results. First unbuilt, and representational practices are shown to constitute sites of conceptual presence, not subordinate steps to construction. Second, this mediating process is recast as a constitutive rather than supplementary operation, dislocating and re embodying architectural ideas across media and disciplines. Third, interdisciplinarity emerges not as synthesis but as an unstable terrain generate critical value. By situating architecture within a constellation of translational terrains, the paper contributes a methodological and conceptual framework that redefines the role of the unbuilt, expands the scope of architectural historiography, and foregrounds translation as a condition of architectural knowledge.

Keywords: unbuilt; translation; interdisciplinarity; archive; art-architecture

How to cite this Paper (Harvard referencing style):

Erol Çakır, A. and Gasseloğlu, M. (2025) ‘Translational Terrains: The Interdisciplinarity of Spatial Narratives‘, in R. Bogdanović (ed.) On Architecture — Crosscutting and Fusion of Disciplines, Proceedings. Belgrade, Serbia: STRAND, pp. 175–187.

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Metaverse in Architectural Design: Metamodernism as a New Architectural Language

Jovana Tošić

https://doi.org/10.60152/1f19646l

Abstract: The new trend in architectural design and urbanism shapes so-called postreality aesthetics in architecture, or metamodernism, as a new architectural language that primarily utilizes digital technology. The paper analyzes the emergence of a new architectural language from the perspective of architectural criticism, examining the architectural narrative of the metaverse and the architectural trends it promotes. What is the connection between architectural criticism, the history of architecture, architectural archives, and the future of architectural design in a metaverse-shaped world? Since existing cultural and historical references shape their elements, Metaverse architectural trends have evolved mainly without severing their connection to architectural history. The focus of the theoretical framework in this paper will be on the interconnection of the notions of metaverse, multispace, metamodernism, postreality, modernity, and architectural language. The analysis of the examples encompasses metaverse architectural concepts created by 3D artists and extended-reality architectural studios, as they seek a new architectural language, establish a framework for metaverse architecture, and develop a suitable aesthetic. Additionally, the paper examines the emergence of a new architectural paradigm influenced by the metaverse and AI, and its impact on urban development and sustainability.

Keywords: metaverse; metamodernism; multispace; architectural language; architectural criticism; postreality

How to cite this Paper (Harvard referencing style):

Tošić, J. (2025) ‘Metaverse in Architectural Design: Metamodernism as a New Architectural Language‘, in R. Bogdanović (ed.) On Architecture — Crosscutting and Fusion of Disciplines, Proceedings. Belgrade, Serbia: STRAND, pp. 165–174.

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The Role of Creativity in Integrating Artificial Intelligence within Conceptual Architectural Design

Semir Poturak

https://doi.org/10.60152/j7pdhwsl

Abstract: Advancement of AI (Artificial Intelligence) technologies has a strong impact on evolving role of creativity in architectural design. Advancement and rapid adoption of Artificial Intelligence technologies brought new challenges to the philosophical debates on creativity, further expanding the ambiguity resulting in lack of adequate education and professional improvement. This review paper argues that the integration of generative AI technology in architectural design fundamentally transforms the nature of exercised creativity to shift the focus from idea generation to problem framing and critical curation. In this paper new essential skills such as semantic articulation (prompt crafting’) and iterative visual refinement are identified based on the synthesis of foundational theories on creativity and the operational reality of modern AI generators. Findings of this paper suggest that AI externalizes ideation process demanding enhanced capacity for strategic unpredictability, conceptualization and aesthetical evaluations. Advancing integration of AI within conceptual architectural design demands further development of creative intelligence that will facilitate requirements and limitations of collaborative human-AI ecosystem.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, creativity, architectural design, design, education

How to cite this Paper (Harvard referencing style):

Poturak, S. (2025) ‘The Role of Creativity in Integrating Artificial Intelligence within Conceptual Architectural Design‘, in R. Bogdanović (ed.) On Architecture — Crosscutting and Fusion of Disciplines, Proceedings. Belgrade, Serbia: STRAND, pp. 157–164.

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Artificial Intelligence Tools in the Visualization and Architectural Reinterpretation

Vesna Stojaković, Isidora Đurić, Marko Jovanović, Igor Kekeljević, Tijana Palkovljević Bugarski, Aleksandra Čelovski

https://doi.org/10.60152/7z6zzl2u

Abstract: The application of artificial intelligence (AI) tools for image generation has become widely popular in recent years. AI-based visualization tools have become increasingly accessible, affordable, and capable, allowing image generation without complex 3D modeling. The rapid development of generative AI enables the production of visual content from simple input data such as text and images, significantly reducing the time and effort required while offering a broad range of interpretive possibilities. Although these tools are useful for artistic and creative explorations, in architectural visualization there is a major challenge of controlling space, shapes, and elements in the resulting image. A series of generated visualizations are tested, illustrating the strengths, limitations, and interpretive flexibility of AI tools in architectural visualization. This paper explores the potential of AI tools for visualization and architectural representation. The aim of this paper is to analyze how to control the process of AI image generation in order to create meaningful results that support architectural visualization and the virtual reconstruction of under-documented or lost heritage spaces. The workflow is tested in the field of cultural heritage by producing historically valid visuals of 18th-century castle interiors in Vojvodina, Serbia. For many of these structures, especially their interiors, very limited documentation exists regarding their original appearance. While some have been completely demolished, others have undergone significant alterations due to functional changes over time. Virtual reconstructions of richly decorated historical interiors, based solely on textual descriptions or scarce photographic records, pose a significant challenge to experts including architects, conservators, and art historians. Traditional 3D modeling for visualizing lost or altered spaces is highly time-consuming and requires advanced technical skills.

Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI), architecture, visualization, cultural heritage

How to cite this Paper (Harvard referencing style):

Stojaković, V., Đurić, I., Jovanović, M., Kekeljević, I., Palkovljević Bugarski, T. and Čelovski, A. (2025) ‘Artificial Intelligence Tools in the Visualization and Architectural Reinterpretation‘, in R. Bogdanović (ed.) On Architecture — Crosscutting and Fusion of Disciplines, Proceedings. Belgrade, Serbia: STRAND, pp. 148–156.

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Into the Open: Towards an Educational Framework for AI-Assisted Design in Architecture

Timo Carl, Renate Weissenböck, Carsten Rohde

https://doi.org/10.60152/0dojw0e9

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping architectural design by opening new avenues for visual ideation while introducing conceptual and technical challenges that surpass traditional computational methods. Tools like Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, and StyleGAN facilitate rapid image generation, enabling intuitive exploration of form and atmosphere. Yet, scholars highlight that AI-generated imagery often tends toward superficial aesthetics, hyperrealism, and lack of spatial reasoning, raising concerns about its architectural substance. Therefore, it is indicated to employ a hybrid approach that enhances design ideation while maintaining architectural intentionality – offering a model for “architectural intelligence”. Based on these observations, we developed a pedagogical framework that addresses the aforementioned limitations while preserving the open-ended and exploratory nature of design. This was tested in an interdisciplinary design seminar, emphasizing iterative feedback loops and reflection in action, fostering conceptual thinking, critical assessment, and design agency. Aiming to develop a balance between control and creative discovery in the use of generative AI, the seminar brief intentionally omitted a predefined program and site. Instead, students explored human-AI co-design strategies across three architectural interconnected scales: urban (Constellation), building (Body), and material and texture (Surface). AI tools – including text-to-image and fine-tuning techniques – were interlaced with analog and digital media such as sketching, collaging, and 3D modelling.

Keywords: artificial intelligence in architecture; architectural design education; generative design tools; ai assisted ideation; pedagogical frameworks, hybrid design methodologies

How to cite this Paper (Harvard referencing style):

Carl, T., Weissenböck, R. and Rohde, C. (2025) ‘Into the Open: Towards an Educational Framework for AI-Assisted Design in Architecture‘, in R. Bogdanović (ed.) On Architecture — Crosscutting and Fusion of Disciplines, Proceedings. Belgrade, Serbia: STRAND, pp. 139–147.

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CODE, DECODE, RECODE. AI-Generated Imagery and Architectural Design Education

Spiros I. Papadimitriou, Agapi Proimou, Vasilis Stroumpakos

https://doi.org/10.60152/m14vxiw7

Abstract: Design is fundamentally a process of modification, iteration, and re-articulation. Bruno Latour’s assertion that “to design is always to redesign” gains renewed relevance in the context of contemporary architectural practice shaped by artificial intelligence. Rather than generating wholly novel forms, AI recombines existing architectural data—typologies, spatial patterns, and materials—reinforcing Latour’s view of design as transformation rather than origination. This integration redefines authorship, positioning the architect as a mediator within a network of human and machine collaborators. Through the comparative presentation of student projects that investigate the spatial potential of AI-generated imagery, this research raises critical questions across the following themes: Bias of the Prompt: Image references carry compositional and geometric traits into AI outputs. Complex inputs yield complex results, while minimal, structured prompts offer greater control. Generative AI often produces unexpected and abstract outcomes that bypass conventional references, functioning as intermediaries in the design process. These are not final forms, but catalysts for subjective spatial exploration. Recode the Plethora: AI’s prolific output demands criteria for selection and refinement. The design process is intentionally delayed to reintroduce critique, analysis, and evaluation as core components of architectural reflection. Synergy: Iteration with AI challenges fixed notions of authorship, encouraging adaptive workflows that integrate generative tools with traditional digital and physical modeling techniques. Catalytic Hybridization: AI acts as a catalyst for spatial experimentation, enabling novel spatial blends through visual recombination. This expands the creative toolkit for designers, educators, and students alike. The research contributes to ongoing discourse on AI’s evolving role in architecture, emphasizing its ability to mediate between conceptual speculation and material organization through human-machine synergy.

Keywords: AI, Design, Iteration, Authorship, Architectural Education

How to cite this Paper (Harvard referencing style):

Papadimitriou, S., Proimou, A. and Stroumpakos, V. (2025) ‘CODE, DECODE, RECODE. AI-Generated Imagery and Architectural Design Education‘, in R. Bogdanović (ed.) On Architecture — Crosscutting and Fusion of Disciplines, Proceedings. Belgrade, Serbia: STRAND, pp. 123–138.

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Generative AI Technologies and Architectural Design Education

Branko Kolarevic

https://doi.org/10.60152/2m4jkgsf

Abstract: The integration of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) technologies into architectural design education could have significant impact on the way students learn, with a potential to disrupt established pedagogic practices. In design studios, text-to-image GenAI technologies provide powerful tools for design development and visualization. In a radical departure from conventional modes of design conceptualization, students simply write about what is wanted/desired and then evaluate visually the images that are automatically generated by the chosen GenAI platform. This is done in an iterative fashion until a potentially interesting outcome is achieved. GenAI tools are also impacting student learning in other subjects that focus on reading, analysis, synthesis and essay writing, such as history and theory. Students increasingly rely on AI for outlining and writing rough drafts or to improve what they wrote. They can also use AI tools to “listen” to lectures, transcribe and summarize them, or for direct note taking; there are AI tools for source retrieval and synthesis that can be used in research. We need to fully explore the potential of AI tools in the context of architectural design education while addressing ethical and pedagogical considerations to ensure responsible integration. The principal question is how AI technologies can augment and enhance learning from conceptual design explorations to integrated source retrieval and synthesis that are central to many subjects covered in architectural curricula (and research). What are the essential AI competencies that design students should develop at the level of understanding or ability? How should instructors incorporate AI in their teaching? What are the emerging institutional policies that could impact the development of new pedagogical practices?

Keywords: artificial intelligence, generative artificial intelligence, design studio, architectural education

How to cite this Paper (Harvard referencing style):

Kolarevic, B. (2025) ‘Generative AI Technologies and Architectural Design Education‘, in R. Bogdanović (ed.) On Architecture — Crosscutting and Fusion of Disciplines, Proceedings. Belgrade, Serbia: STRAND, pp. 117–122.

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Unraveling New Spaces: The Exhibition as an Interdisciplinary Project

Davor Ereš, Jelena Mitrović, Petar Laušević

https://doi.org/10.60152/k3cotgq4

Abstract: This paper analyzes the exhibition project “UNRAVELING: New Spaces” at the 19th International Architecture Exhibition – La Biennale di Venezia: Intelligens. Natural. Artificial. Collective. The exhibition is taken as a case study to explore cross-disciplinary collaboration within architectural practice. The theoretical framework of the exhibition posits that local legacies hold universal relevance. Specifically, the form-making skill of hand-knitting and the technological innovation of the Belgrade Hand, the world’s first robotic bionic hand. These seemingly disparate localities demonstrate – through the exhibition project – how collective, empathic, and idealistic practices are fundamental to disciplinary transformations. The core discourse is framed around the hand as an extension organ of mind and as a metaphor for the visibility of the border between natural and artificial intelligence. This set-up embodies collectiveness as a cross disciplinary approach, claiming that it is a platform of exploration, learning and invention. Within this interpretation project collectiveness is developed as a form of interdisciplinary cooperation. The project is further interpreted as a proposition to rethink architectural production through a process of cross disciplinary learning, which unfolds via experimenting, prototyping, and producing the exhibition form itself. The paper examines the particular international collaboration between architects, designers, programmers, and engineers as a model for inventive architectural practice, and further, it analyzes the design process of kinetic and cyclical architectural form. This form specifically employs materiality and energy to foreground a more comprehensive interpretation of architectural temporality, where cycles of composition and decomposition are projected simultaneously. The analysis offers a critical reflection on collectiveness, adaptability, and experimental learning as crucial drivers for the necessity of the up-coming architectural disciplinary change (Ereš, Mitrović 2025).

Keywords: interdisciplinary practice, exhibition project, architectural temporality, kinetic form

How to cite this Paper (Harvard referencing style):

Ereš, D., Mitrović, J. and Laušević, P. (2025) ‘Unraveling New Spaces: The Exhibition as an Interdisciplinary Project‘, in R. Bogdanović (ed.) On Architecture — Crosscutting and Fusion of Disciplines, Proceedings. Belgrade, Serbia: STRAND, pp. 111–116.

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Interstitium In-Between Scales: Translating Microbial Intelligence into Architectural Thinking

Dejan Todorović, Ivan Šuković, Emir Šehanović, Miljana Zeković, Jasmina Nikodinović-Runić, Mirjana Đurišić

https://doi.org/10.60152/3hpi55yv

Abstract: Terram Intelligere – Interstitium, Montenegro’s contribution to the 19th International Architecture Exhibition – La Biennale di Venezia is presented as a case study in exploring cross-scalar, interdisciplinary architectural thinking. Rooted in the culturally and historically charged concept of međa — the dry-stone boundary lines that traverse the Montenegrin landscape — the project is both an artistic and scientific inquiry into how architecture can learn from the intelligence of natural-cultural landscapes and their living systems. Developed in partnership with the University of Belgrade – Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (UB – IMGGE), through collaboration among architects, microbiologists, visual artists, and designers, the project revolves around cultivating native Montenegrin bacteria that produce bio-pigments, nanocellulose, and bioplastics. These natural production processes, that are ordinarily invisible and often overlooked, come into focus through the modulation of space, light, and sound within the exhibition venue. The result is an installation that does not merely represent a landscape, but performs as one, showcasing ongoing material transformation. Situated between micro (biological) and macro (territorial) scales, Interstitium pursues a methodology of translation across spatial systems (from landscape to gallery space), material processes (from microbial life to architectural gestures), and discursive frameworks (from scientific observation to artistic expression), while asking: Which new forms of disciplinary cooperation could emerge when the boundaries between architecture, biology, and art are deliberately blurred? Could architecture operate across scales, as a medium that not only detects but also interprets, and materially articulates the intelligence of other species? Could architecture also become a platform for dismantling human dominance over the planet while imagining the future as a space of coexistence, attunement and shared agency? By focusing on the interstitial — what exists between scales, species, and disciplines — this project proposes a shift in architectural thinking: from mastering complexity to listening and attuning to it. This shift resonates with current discussions on interdisciplinary cooperation, situated design practices, and architecture’s ever evolving role as a mediator between human and nonhuman worlds.

Keywords: architectural thinking, cross-scalar translation, microbial intelligence, interdisciplinarity, human culture, microbial culture, Terram Intelligere – Interstitium

How to cite this Paper (Harvard referencing style):

Todorović, D., Šuković, I., Šehanović, E., Zeković, M., Nikodinović-Runić, J. and Đurišić, M. (2025) ‘Interstitium In-Between Scales: Translating Microbial Intelligence into Architectural Thinking‘, in R. Bogdanović (ed.) On Architecture — Crosscutting and Fusion of Disciplines, Proceedings. Belgrade, Serbia: STRAND, pp. 104–110.

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The Role of AI in Architecture: Fantasies and Reality

Igor Svetel, Slađana Marković, Markus Hudert

https://doi.org/10.60152/i80enc6z

Abstract: The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has recently attracted the attention of many disciplines due to the exceptional accomplishments and rapidly emerging possibilities. Architecture, a discipline traditionally skeptical of new technologies, is intrigued by the results achieved with generative neural networks. The emergence of new technologies in the field of generative artificial intelligence has led to numerous scenarios among architects about possible applications of these technologies in their practice. A large number of these scenarios are based on the functionality of commercially available Large Language Models and their application to text to image and image to image transformations. A smaller number of scenarios are based on specific applications of AI technologies through the development of real software solutions. The paper critically analyzes existing scenarios through a review of existing research and a description of software solutions. The focus is on the application of Generative Neural Networks and the paper provides an overview of the functioning of the basic classes of neural networks that make up this technology. An analysis of how artificial neural networks work shows that they all depend on the data set used to train them. Today’s neural networks use an enormous amount of data, but even that is limited to what is available in electronic format. The main source of general knowledge is online encyclopedias, while expert knowledge is provided by published articles that have a certain level of reliability. Architects who are mistrustful of this technology need to understand that better results can only be achieved through higher-quality training data sets and that their protectively guarded knowledge also comes from studying the work of other architects.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; AI; architecture; Generative Neural Networks; training sets

How to cite this Paper (Harvard referencing style):

Svetel, I., Marković, S. and Hudert, M. (2025) ‘The role of AI in architecture: fantasies and reality‘, in R. Bogdanović (ed.) On Architecture — Crosscutting and Fusion of Disciplines, Proceedings. Belgrade, Serbia: STRAND, pp. 96–103.

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