Author: STRAND

The Transition of Scale: New Approaches in Examining Spatial Sensations from Urban Vegetation in the Context of Interior Architecture
Šejla Župljanin, Relja Petrović

https://doi.org/10.60152/3hltdfjz

Abstract: In current times, people are spending more time indoors than outside due to the combined effects of industrialization, globalization, and rapid urbanization. In fact, recent studies assert that contemporary lifestyles result in individuals spending the majority of their daytime time indoors. Many public institutions, jobs and services have transitioned to online spaces, making it so that humans barely have to leave the “comfort” of their homes. But what does that comfort represent and how can we measure it? In this research, our goal is to discover if by using artificial intelligence as a methodological approach to analyze human emotions and behavior, we can further explore how interior architecture can affect human wellbeing. With all of these spaces slowly transitioning from exterior to interior, we find it important to examine this issue. Through our study of comfort parameters in interior architecture, vegetation has been identified as a significant factor. Numerous studies have previously demonstrated its beneficial effects on human psychological and physiological health. There is a noticeable gap in the literature regarding its impact on interior architecture, though, as the majority of studies have concentrated on outdoor green areas. By using experimental methodology alongside a literature review, we aim to contribute to the understanding of emotional reactions to the presence of vegetation in indoor spaces, and how these insights can be integrated into the architectural design process.

Keywords: interior architecture, artificial intelligence, well-being, comfort, vegetation

How to cite this Paper (Harvard referencing style):

Župljanin, Š. and Petrović, R. (2024) ‘The Transition of Scale: New Approaches in Examining Spatial Sensations from Urban Vegetation in the Context of Interior Architecture’, in R. Bogdanović (ed.) On Architecture — Shaping the City through Architecture, Proceedings. Belgrade, Serbia: STRAND, pp. 259-268. 

The Influence of Media on the Transformation of Public Space – Considering the Future of Park of Friendship
Dragana Kocić, Petar Mitrović, Dragana Konstantinović

https://doi.org/10.60152/6iyarcyq

Abstract: In the contemporary world, much is discussed about the influence of media on people’s lives. However, the direct impact of the media on the creation of living public spaces is less discussed. The availability of different web platforms, freedom of speech, reporting methods, and the direct translation and transmission of political thought to the public lead to changes – new agendas – and the formation of opinions and attitudes that directly impact the built environment. Thus, media discourse becomes an old/new tool for forming the identity of a place, city, and state. Media discourse has changed and become more influential in the former Yugoslav states. The transition of post-Yugoslav society was accompanied by the transformation of the built environment, which was supported by various media narratives. This research begins with the assumption that reality is not singular but comprehensive and socially constructed, and that media plays a fundamental role. The media’s influence in constructing and deconstructing public space will be illustrated through a case study of Park of Friendship (Park prijateljstva) in Belgrade. From the Avenue of Peace and the Eternal Flame to a future-oriented space focusing on museums and contemporary design, the Park’s evolution reflects how media narratives and present-day societal needs shape its identity. These media discourses not only document but also participate in the creation of public perceptions, transforming spaces in line with emerging cultural and political agendas. At the same time, media exert a massive influence on the globalization of architecture. This often manifests through the promotion of architectural works and the dissemination of imagery, whether through photographs of actual buildings or visualizations of future projects. By circulating these representations on various platforms, media help create a positive economic climate, fostering development and revitalization of previously overlooked or less popular spaces. Thus, media platforms act as catalysts in global architectural trends, influencing both local urban transformations and broader aesthetic and economic movements in architecture. The media today are more influential than those from 40 years ago and are considered social agents that intervene in the construction of public representations of space. Contemporary lifestyles involve frequent changes in the urban landscape and demands for change. What is the role of the media, what kind of media agents are present, what are the most influential ones, and whose agents are they, are just some of the questions this research tends to address.

Keywords: Architecture, public space, media, media discourse, narrative, transformation

How to cite this Paper (Harvard referencing style):

Kocić, D., Mitrović, P. and Konstantinović, D. (2024) ‘The Influence of Media on the Transformation of Public Space – Considering the Future of Park of Friendship’, in R. Bogdanović (ed.) On Architecture — Shaping the City through Architecture, Proceedings. Belgrade, Serbia: STRAND, pp. 235-243. 

Drawing as a Methodological Tool For Reading The Cityscape
Snežana Zlatković

https://doi.org/10.60152/f7cgvl5y

Abstract: This research begins from the assumption that reading the cityscape can contribute to the improvement of drawing as a methodological tool. We recognize the understanding of complex spatial changes that are reflected through the cityscape as those that, through drawings, can reveal values for the initial stages of subsequent design processes. We investigate whether and how the drawing can follow and analyze the speed of changes that are happening in front of us, primarily in the extreme density of the built structure, but also in parallel through the ephemerality of the elements that change in the appearance of the city. We are interested in whether the transformation of drawings on the historical brink of the technological revolution of architectural tools during the past three decades hides an unexamined starting point, or an undiscovered potential of drawings to act between all the qualities of an analog way of thinking in relation to digital possibilities. We conduct research from the current condition of the city to the aesthetics of the dissolution of the city in order to establish aesthetic elements for the process of reading the cityscape. Extracted aesthetic elements, line – movement, rhythm – distortion of multitude, color – interaction, transparency – active condition will indicate the construction of a new analytical process. The layering of the city through the methodology of research by drawing will reveal the transformability of the procedure and the redefinition of drawing as a contemporary methodological tool. The sequences of the conditions of the city, which have been examined through a multitude of experiments, will shed light on the chronological development of the tool, but also reveal the values of the identified problem. After the building of the drawing by means of analog-digital mapping of the series of micro and macro atmospheric conditions of the cityscape, new specific layers of space are produced. In their deposition, an excess is created that moves the drawing from its static role to the dynamic development of the tool.

Keywords: condition of the city, phenomenological reduction, aesthetic elements, reading the cityscape, drawing, methodological tool

How to cite this Paper (Harvard referencing style):

Zlatković, S. (2024) ‘Drawing as a Methodological Tool For Reading The Cityscape’, in R. Bogdanović (ed.) On Architecture — Shaping the City through Architecture, Proceedings. Belgrade, Serbia: STRAND, pp. 218–228. 

Contribution to the Establishment of Green infrastructure as an Equal Element of the City Morphology in the Service of the Future City
Aljosha Shopar

https://doi.org/10.60152/1ofm7wkz

Abstract: The rapid urbanization that began with the Industrial Revolution and continues to this day has dramatically increased the pressure on urban dynamics. From this fast and substantial enlargement of our cities, a new city element has emerged. This element, which is the primary motive and focus of this research, is called “green infrastructure”.The main goal of this study is to try to make a paradigm shift, at least by a small increment, in our traditional perception of our cities by changing it from ”grey” to ”green” (blue). This task should be achieved with the theoretical defining of the term Green infrastructure as a spatial constituent, through a description and classification of its elements, their arrangement, and values within the city morphology. As far as we can reach in our history we can see that the city has existed as a system of irreducible complexity with all its parts arranged in their place. City elements by association are integrated into entities of higher complexity and quality, of a higher order (emergence), so the room emerges into a house, the house into a block, the block into a quarter, and the quarter into a city. The discussion about green infrastructure and its application in a city by examining case studies will highlight and strengthen its rightful place among other city elements. This applies both to the transformations that take place within the built city structures and to the newly planned city spaces. This approach positions the green element within the city morphology making it a dynamic part that instigates added value by introducing new socio-cultural activities that upgrade the existing urban system. By gaining equal status with other city elements, the notion of green infrastructure is becoming yet another segment of urban complexity. In its journey, it has come a long way being coded as a green luxury until the late XIX century, implemented as a green necessity in the early planning stages of modernization, and established as green leisure in the late XX century. This paper aims to acknowledge a new scenario for the future city, in which the green infrastructure rethinks its previous connotations in a new ‘green’ approach that engages productivity as a major concern, and thus creates a concept that further enhances relations between the elements of the contemporary urban morphology.

Keywords: Green Infrastructure, Urban Morphology, Urban Complexity, City Elements

How to cite this Paper (Harvard referencing style):

Shopar, A. (2024) ‘Contribution to the Establishment of Green infrastructure as an Equal Element of the City Morphology in the Service of the Future City’, in R. Bogdanović (ed.) On Architecture — Shaping the City through Architecture, Proceedings. Belgrade, Serbia: STRAND, pp. 68–81. 

From Past to Future: Urban Development Strategies for Tetovo
Vlera Thaci, Marija Petrova

https://doi.org/10.60152/l2ez5adw

Abstract: Cities are subject to continuous transformations. Their residential architecture from different periods, with different typological and morphological origins, is the basis for diverse changes. The growth of Macedonian cities peaked in the 19th century but was disrupted by 20th-century wars and the transition to socialism. This process led to westernization and modernization, introducing new residential architecture. Today, there is a need to upgrade Macedonian cities within the modern socio-political system of the 21st century, leading to rapid and spontaneous expansion. The paper focuses on the city of Tetovo, a case study of Macedonian cities and its stages of development. Tetovo, which had a modest character in the 19th century, underwent a significant transformation in the second half of the 20th century by constructing new residential blocks of high-rise buildings and towers. However, this modernization slowed down at the end of the 20th century. Nevertheless, Tetovo’s boundaries continue to expand today with the emergence of informal settlements consisting of low residential structures, thus adding a new layer to its urban fabric. This research aims first to investigate the vertical growth of Tetovo from the second half of the 20th century – through the construction of residential towers and then the expansion of the city today – through the informally built low residential structure on the edge of Tetovo. On the methodological level, this paper aims to define the characteristics of the two different models of urban development—vertical expansion and surface expansion—through an overview of the chronological and spatial growth of Tetovo. After comparing the characteristics and qualities of these two ways of city growth, this paper aims to offer a significant model for the development of Tetovo. The underlying assumption of this research is that while changes are an integral part of the image of the city of Tetovo and our everyday life, they should not be uncontrolled and spontaneous. On the contrary, urban transformations can be guided and planned through a new growth model in Tetovo. This model envisions a harmonious coexistence of vertical patterns of settlement with the contemporary needs for a low-rise residential structure defined by the character of informal communities. Such an approach could create opportunities for the densification of the city of Tetovo, aligning with its historical image and the modern needs of its inhabitants.

Keywords: Tetovo, residential towers, Informal settlements, high-rise, low-rise, future prospect

How to cite this Paper (Harvard referencing style):

Thaci, V and Petrova M. (2024) ‘From Past to Future: Urban Development Strategies for Tetovo’, in R. Bogdanović (ed.) On Architecture — Shaping the City through Architecture, Proceedings. Belgrade, Serbia: STRAND, pp. 36–44.